纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (05): 114-122.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250700601

• 纺织工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚氨酯/聚乳酸铰链增强形状记忆织物的制备及其性能

孙哲茹1, 李奕萱2,3, 丁泽龙2,3, 王瑜4, 惠苗4, 夏鑫2,3()   

  1. 1 东华大学 纺织学院, 上海 201620
    2 新疆大学 纺织与服装学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    3 新疆大学 新疆智能与绿色纺织重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017
    4 新疆际华七五五五职业装有限公司, 新疆 昌吉回族自治州 831199
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 修回日期:2026-01-29 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 夏鑫(1980—),女,教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能纺织材料的开发与应用。E-mail:xjxiaxin@163.com。
  • 作者简介:孙哲茹(1995—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为纺织材料与纺织品设计。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(202210120005);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”科研项目(2023TSYCLJ0008)

Fabrication and performance of shape memory fabric reinforced with polyurethane/polylactic acid hinges

SUN Zheru1, LI Yixuan2,3, DING Zelong2,3, WANG Yu4, HUI Miao4, XIA Xin2,3()   

  1. 1 College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
    2 College of Textiles and Clothing, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
    3 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Textile, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
    4 Xinjiang Jihua 7555 Uniform Co., Ltd., Changji Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang 831199, China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Revised:2026-01-29 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-07-10

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摘要：

为增强形状记忆纺织品在多形状下的形状固定及回复效果,构建了铰链增强的复合织物体系。使用3D打印技术制备了聚氨酯(TPU)与聚乳酸(PLA)共混的形状记忆铰链,通过改变铰链中TPU与PLA的质量比,研究了其对材料微观结构、热力学性能的影响规律,进而调控铰链的形状记忆行为。结果表明,当TPU与PLA质量比为7∶3时,两相间通过氢键形成有效界面结合,PLA结晶度适中,材料在室温下具备较高的储能模量(137 MPa)与良好的延展性(断裂伸长率318.19%),实现了刚-韧平衡,从而获得最优的形状记忆性能(固定率95%,回复率95.6%)。在此基础上,采用提花织造工艺将优化后的铰链嵌入织物双层结构中,成功制备出结构-功能一体化的复合织物。该铰链增强织物在多种几何形变中均表现出优异的形状固定精度(角度偏差<5°)与回复完整性,显著优于无铰链织物。本研究从多尺度阐明TPU/PLA体系的协同机制,为开发高性能、可编程形状记忆纺织品提供了有效的材料设计与结构集成方案。

关键词: 形状记忆纺织品, 3D打印, 铰链, 储能模量, 提花织造工艺

Abstract:

Objective In order to overcome the common trade-off between shape fixity and recovery in conventional shape memory textiles, particularly under complex multi-shape deformations, a hinge-reinforced composite fabric system is designed to provide enhanced and programmable shape memory functionality, which is crucial for advancing applications in smart wearables and adaptive structures.

Method Shape memory hinges were fabricated by 3D printing blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA) at mass ratios of 9∶1, 7∶3, and 5∶5. The microstructures, thermal properties, and dynamic/static mechanical behaviors of these hinges were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile testing. The optimized hinge was then integrated into a fabric substrate by a jacquard weaving process, embedding it within a double-layer structure to create a composite textile.

Results The hinge with a TPU/PLA mass ratio of 7∶3 exhibited optimal performance. FT-IR analysis confirmed strong interfacial hydrogen bonding, and DSC and XRD results indicated suitable PLA crystallinity, contributing to shape fixation. This hinge achieved an ideal rigid-tough balance at room temperature, with a storage modulus of 137 MPa and an elongation at break of 318.19%, leading to a high shape fixity of 95% and a recovery rate of 95.6%. When embedded into the fabric, the composite demonstrated exceptional shape memory performance across various geometric deformations (triangles, trapezoids, arches). Temporary shapes were maintained with angle deviations of 5°, which were able to recover almost completely to its initial state, significantly outperforming the control fabric without hinges, which showed notable shape relaxation and incomplete recovery.

Conclusion This work demonstrates that a TPU/PLA mass ratio of 7∶3 creates an optimal synergistic shape memory hinge where TPU acts as an elastic driver and PLA serves as a rigid fixing phase. The successful integration of this functional hinge into fabrics via jacquard weaving presents a novel, customizable, and binder-free fabrication strategy for smart textiles. The results validate that this material-structure integrated design effectively decouples and enhances both shape fixity and recovery. This approach provides a practical and scalable solution for developing high-performance, programmable shape memory textiles, with promising potential for applications in flexible electronics and adaptive clothing. Future work could explore more complex hinge geometries and responsive mechanisms for multi-stimuli control.

Key words: shape memory textiles, 3D printing, hinge, storage modulus, jacquard weaving technology

中图分类号: 

  • TS102.5

图1

形状记忆测试方法示意图"

图2

不同比例的TPU/PLA共混形状记忆铰链的SEM照片"

图3

不同比例的 TPU/PLA 共混形状记忆铰链的FT-IR图和XDR图谱"

图4

不同比例的TPU/PLA共混形状记忆铰链的热学特性"

图5

不同比例的TPU/PLA 共混形状记忆铰链的力学性能"

图6

TPU/PLA共混铰链的形状记忆性能评估及示意图"

图7

铰链增强形状记忆织物的制备"

图8

形状记忆织物与铰链增强形状记忆织物的形状固定效果与回复效果图"

表1

形状记忆固定测试相关角度值"

编号 θi/(°) αi/(°) αi'/(°)
1 30 29±2.1 31±6.5
2 75 79±4.3 81±8.6
3 75 72±3.5 68±10.7
4 120 119±3.1 120±8.0
5 60 60±2.4 58±10.6
6 90 89±1.7 82±11.9
7 90 92±4.0 100±7.6
8 110 114±3.6 105±11.7
9 70 68±3.7 60±11.4
10 70 66±2.6 79±14.0
11 110 112±2.7 116±7.6
12 20 23±3.1 33±5.9
13 70 72±4.2 77±6.6
14 70 73±3.9 131±7.3

表2

形状记忆回复测试相关角度值"

编号 γi/(°) βi/(°) βi'/(°)
1 180 178±7.9 159±8.9
2 180 177±6.2 144±12.1
3 180 178±5.0 154±11.3
4 180 158±10.7 156±7.5
5 180 164±5.5 160±11.0
6 180 171±8.5 168±7.7
7 180 168±7.6 161±8.1
8 180 176±6.7 140±10.7
9 180 169±5.6 136±11.2
10 180 162±6.9 121±9.4
11 180 160±8.7 145±8.7
12 180 176±11.6 140±10.5
13 180 173±7.7 149±7.1
14 180 164±6.9 155±6.6
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