纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (03): 240-246.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250904001

• 功能性纺织品 • 上一篇    下一篇

天然彩棉/柞蚕短纤维混纺纱的制备及其抗菌性能

邵英海1, 朴洪伟1,2,3(), 曹继鹏1, 张月1, 许兰杰1, 于学智1, 张明光1   

  1. 1 辽东学院 纺织服装学院, 辽宁 丹东 118003
    2 天津工业大学 纺织科学与工程学院, 天津 300387
    3 天津工业大学 先进分离膜材料全国重点实验室, 天津 300387
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 修回日期:2026-01-17 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 朴洪伟(1996—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能纤维材料与纤维集合体加工技术。E-mail:houngweepark@163.com。
  • 作者简介:邵英海(1969—),男,高级实验师。主要研究方向为纺织工艺与纺纱器材。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2024011309-JH2/1026);辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2025JH2/101800386);辽宁省科技计划联合计划项目(2025JH2/101800277);辽宁生态环保功能纱线中试公共服务平台建设项目(2024JH24/1040018)

Preparation and antibacterial properties of natural colored cotton/Antheraea pernyi staple fiber blended yarns

SHAO Yinghai1, PIAO Hongwei1,2,3(), CAO Jipeng1, ZHANG Yue1, XU Lanjie1, YU Xuezhi1, ZHANG Mingguang1   

  1. 1 College of Textile and Garment, Liaodong University, Dandong, Liaoning 118003, China
    2 School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
    3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Separation Membrane Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2026-01-17 Published:2026-03-15 Online:2026-03-15

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摘要：

为促进天然彩棉纤维在绿色纺织服装领域的广泛应用,采用棉纺普梳工艺,以天然棕色棉纤维(BCF)、天然绿色棉纤维(GCF)、天然白色棉纤维(CF)以及柞蚕丝短纤维(APF)为原料,分别纺制了3种线密度为29.5 tex的混纺纱线(BCF/APF(70/30)、GCF/APF(70/30)和CF/APF(70/30))。系统表征了成纱的结构特征、拉伸力学性能及质量指标,分析了天然彩棉纤维本征性能对成纱质量的影响规律,重点探究了天然彩棉品种差异对混纺纱抗菌性能的调控机制。结果表明:天然彩棉本征纤维的性能较差(纤维短、细、强力低),高比例天然彩棉纤维混纺可在一定程度上降低成纱拉伸断裂强力与断裂伸长率,影响纱线条干均匀性并恶化纱线毛羽,尤其是GCF;GCF与BCF的抗菌性能存在显著差异,主要原因是二者所含天然色素物质不同(BCF含缩合单宁类物质;GCF含黄酮类物质);BCF/APF的综合成纱质量可基本满足纺织加工需求,且对大肠埃希菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果优异(抑菌率均大于95%),可用于开发各类环保型亲肤面料与功能纺织品。

关键词: 天然彩棉, 柞蚕丝短纤维, 混纺纱, 抗菌性能, 成纱质量, 纱线线密度, 纱线捻度

Abstract:

Objective To address the inherent disadvantages of natural colored cotton, including short fiber length, low breaking tenacity and poor spinnability, as well as the unclear antibacterial regulation mechanism of blended yarns from various colored cotton varieties, Antheraea pernyi staple fiber (APF) was blended with natural colored cotton to prepare composite blended yarns. This study was intended to enhance the spinnability and yarn-forming properties of colored cotton via APF blending, reveal the regulation law of colored cotton varieties on antibacterial performance of blended yarns, and supply theoretical and experimental references for high-value utilization of natural colored cotton in green skin-friendly textiles.

Method Three kinds of 29.5 tex blended yarns, namely brown cotton fiber (BCF)/APF (70/30), green cotton fiber (GCF)/APF (70/30) and white cotton fiber (CF)/APF (70/30), were manufactured by conventional cotton carding spinning process. The 70/30 blending ratio was determined by preliminary experiments, which maintained the inherent environmental-friendly characteristics of colored cotton, improved spinnability efficiently by introducing APF, and balanced yarn functionality and industrial production cost. The microstructure, tensile properties and yarn quality indexes were systematically tested and characterized. The influence of intrinsic properties of colored cotton on yarn quality was investigated, and the antibacterial discrepancy and corresponding intrinsic mechanism of colored cotton/APF blended yarns were emphatically analyzed.

Results The results indicated that 30% APF could effectively compensate for the inferior yarn-forming properties induced by inherent defects of natural colored cotton. High proportion of colored cotton deteriorated yarn breaking tenacity, breaking elongation and evenness, while increased yarn hairiness, and GCF presented the most adverse influence. Benefiting from the reinforcement effect of APF, comprehensive properties of all blended yarns fully met subsequent textile processing requirements. Obvious differences in antibacterial property existed among different colored cotton/APF systems, and BCF/APF yarn exhibited far better antibacterial activity than GCF/APF. Such difference originated from diverse antibacterial components in colored cotton: brown cotton contained abundant condensed tannins, which produced synergistic antibacterial effect with sericin in APF, whereas green cotton was dominated by flavonoids with relatively weak antibacterial capacity. Under identical spinning parameters, the breaking tenacity of BCF/APF yarn reached 11.87 cN/dtex, superior to 9.14 cN/dtex of GCF/APF yarn, together with lower hairiness, reflecting superior spinnability and processing adaptability. In addition, BCF/APF yarn showed outstanding antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with antibacterial rate above 95%.

Conclusion Although inherent defects of natural colored cotton negatively affect yarn performance, 30% APF blending can effectively alleviate these adverse effects. BCF/APF blended yarn possesses satisfactory comprehensive quality and prominent antibacterial performance. This study clarifies the antibacterial regulation mechanism of colored cotton varieties, and provides a feasible technical scheme for natural colored cotton application in green textiles. The developed blended yarn enjoys promising application prospects in green eco-friendly skin-friendly fabrics and functional textiles, and is conducive to the sustainable development of green textile industry and the realization of China's Dual Carbon Strategy.

Key words: natural colored cotton, Antheraea pernyi staple fiber, blended yarn, antibacterial property, yarn quality, yarn linear, yarn twist

中图分类号: 

  • TS 114.5

表1

纤维性能参数"

纤维
编号		 平均长
度/mm		 线密度/
dtex		 断裂强度/
(cN·dtex-1)		 断裂伸长
率/%		 初始模量/
(cN·dtex-1)
BCF 28.40 1.60 1.95 6.50 44.80
GCF 24.50 1.44 1.76 5.58 39.10
CF 32.10 1.74 2.21 6.91 52.24
APF 30.40 2.83 3.15 15.80 118.31

图1

3种混纺纱实物图"

表2

混纺纱线的线密度与捻度"

纱线种类 工艺线
密度/tex		 实际线
密度/tex		 捻度/
(捻·m-1)
BCF/APF(70/30) 29.5 29.29±0.23 987
GCF/APF(70/30) 29.5 29.09±0.39 982
CF/APF(70/30) 29.5 29.54±0.11 989

表3

混纺纱线的拉伸性能"

纱线种类 断裂强度 断裂伸长率
平均值/
(cN·tex-1)		 CV值/
%		 平均
值/%		 CV值/
%
BCF/APF(70/30) 11.87 6.2 11.48 14.20
GCF/APF(70/30) 9.14 6.9 9.42 37.44
CF/APF(70/30) 13.67 5.8 12.97 10.87

表4

混纺纱线的常发性纱疵"

纱线种类 细节/
(个·km-1)		 粗节/
(个·km-1)		 棉结/
(个·km-1)
-40% -50% +35% +50% +140% +280%
BCF/APF
(70/30)		 1 637 597 2 954 1 023 2 798 256
GCF/APF
(70/30)		 2 290 1 162 3 543 1 297 3 496 423
CF/APF
(70/30)		 1 032 233 2 172 843 2 238 212

图2

3种混纺纱的条干不匀率与毛羽情况"

图3

3种混纺纱线的抑菌率"

图4

3种混纺纱线对大肠埃希菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果(×10)"

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