柔性防刺材料的研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250606702

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对柔性防刺材料服用舒适性与防护性之间的矛盾,从应力分散、材料变形和界面效应3个角度系统介绍了柔性防刺材料在不同穿刺条件下的响应机制,总结了柔性防刺材料中常用高性能纤维的性能特点及提升其防护性能的有效途径,分析了非织造布、机织物与针织物等不同纺织基结构的防刺特性,阐述了剪切增稠液浸渍、涂层及树脂增强等后整理工艺在提升材料防护性能的同时保持其柔韧性的关键技术路径,综述了有限元分析和机器学习在性能预测中的应用潜力及挑战。最后,提出未来应开发“局部硬化-整体柔性”的复合结构,实现整体防护性与舒适性的统一,构建“多尺度建模+数据驱动”的协同优化体系,推动柔性防刺材料向高精度、智能化设计方向发展。

关键词: 柔性防刺材料, 防刺机制, 高性能纤维, 纺织基结构, 后整理工艺, 性能预测

Abstract:

Significance With the increasing prominence of public safety issues, flexible stab-resistant materials have been widely applied in fields such as law enforcement, security protection, and personal safety due to their excellent protective performance and wearing comfort. However, a key challenge in practical applications remains to be the trade-off between comfort and protective performance. In particular, under complex dynamic impact conditions, achieving enhanced puncture resistance while maintaining flexibility and lightweight properties is a focal point and technical challenge in current research.

Progress Compared to rigid stab-resistant materials, flexible stab-resistant materials offer advantages in terms of lightweight and flexibility, making them suitable for daily protective applications. The mechanical response mechanism of flexible puncture resistant materials under different puncture conditions was summarized from three aspects: stress dispersion, material deformation, and interface effects. Focusing on commonly used high-performance fibers for flexible stab-resistant materials, this review analyzes typical surface modification methods for interfacial regulation and the material-structure synergistic optimization strategies based on yarn architecture design, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for the development of high-performance flexible stab-resistant materials. This paper summarizes the anti-puncture characteristics of different textile base structures such as non-woven fabric, woven fabric, and knitted fabric, as well as the key technical paths of post finishing processes such as shear thickening liquid immersion, hard particle coating, and resin reinforcement to improve material protection performance while maintaining its flexibility. The latest research progress and challenges of finite element analysis and machine learning in performance prediction are summarized.

Conclusion and Prospect Through rational material structure design, process optimization, and the integration of advanced predictive tools, the overall protective performance of flexible stab-resistant materials can be significantly improved while retaining their inherent flexibility. To achieve a hybrid configuration of "localized stiffening with overall flexibility," future designs could embed or weave rigid reinforcements into key areas of a flexible matrix, utilizing gradient transitions or flexible interconnects for seamless integration and performance synergy. Furthermore, constructing a collaborative optimization framework combining multi-scale modeling with data-driven techniques is recommended, which holds great potential to advance the design of flexible stab-resistant materials toward higher precision and intelligence, thereby facilitating the development and practical application of next-generation protective systems.

Key words: flexible stab-resistant material, mechanism of stab-resistance, high-performance fiber, textile-based structure, post-treatment process, performance prediction

中图分类号:

TS941.26

潘隽媛, 李炳贤, 蒋高明. 柔性防刺材料的研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(04): 225-234.

PAN Junyuan, LI Bingxian, JIANG Gaoming. Recent advances in development of flexible stab-resistant materials[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(04): 225-234.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20250606702

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V47/I04/225

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