牵伸区压力分布建模与验证

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20251007801

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

牵伸作为纺纱质量控制的核心环节，其罗拉钳口压力分布的精准调控是突破优质纱生产瓶颈的关键。针对现有研究对多参数协同作用下罗拉钳口压力分布系统性研究缺乏的问题，基于赫兹接触理论，引入纤维层等效弹性参数修正项，构建融合罗拉弹性参数、几何参数及纤维特性的多参数耦合压力分布模型。利用薄膜压力传感器，对棉、粘胶、涤纶等纤维在罗拉钳口处的实际压力分布进行测量。实验结果表明：罗拉钳口无纤维时，赫兹接触理论计算的压力分布与实测结果高度一致，接触应力与接触半宽的相对误差均小于5.00%；引入纤维层等效弹性参数后，改进模型对上述纤维的压力分布预测精度较高，接触应力偏差≤8.23%，接触半宽偏差≤7.35%，纤维加速点偏差≤8.33%，预测的牵伸状态与实测结果一致。本模型为纤维运动控制、牵伸状态预测及成纱均匀性优化提供了理论支撑，为智能化牵伸装备的研发奠定基础。同时，可拓展至非织造布、造纸等柔性-刚性接触场景。

关键词: 牵伸, 罗拉钳口, 压力分布, 赫兹接触理论, 纤维层等效模型, 多参数耦合

Abstract:

Objective Fiber drafting is critical for spinning quality， and accurate regulation of roller nipper pressure distribution is key to high-quality yarn production. This study aims to address the lack of systematic research on pressure distribution under multi-parameter synergy， so as to support fiber motion control and intelligent drafting equipment development through establishing a multi-parameter coupled model.

Method Based on Hertz contact theory， fiber layer equivalent elastic parameters was introduced to build a model integrating roller elastic/geometric parameters and fiber properties. Film pressure sensors were used to measure pressure distribution of cotton， viscose， and polyester fibers. Top roller and bottom roller with specific parameters were used， and tests repeated 5 times for average values.

Results Without fibers at the roller nipper， calculated pressure distribution using Hertz contact theory matched the measured results well， where relative errors of contact stress and contact half-width were both less than 5.00%. After introducing fiber layer equivalent elastic parameters， the model showed high prediction accuracy for the three types of fibers where contact stress deviation ≤8.23%， contact half-width deviation ≤7.35%. For fiber acceleration points， deviations between calculated and measured values were ≤8.33% （e.g.， 5.00% for polyester， 6.52% for cotton， 8.33% for viscose）. In drafting state prediction， using polyester and viscose as examples， predicted drafting feasibility under different roller grip distances was fully consistent with measured results. The model also enabled calculation of drafting force and gripping force， ensuring proper drafting when the former was less than the latter.

Conclusion Hertz contact theory accurately describes pure elastic contact between top and bottom rollers （deviation <5%）. The fiber layer-clad model is valid for pressure distribution prediction of cotton， viscose， and polyester. It provides a quantitative tool for "drafting parameters-fiber motion" analysis， applicable to fiber motion control， drafting state prediction， and top roller design. It can also be extended to flexible-rigid contact scenarios like nonwovens and papermaking.

Key words: drafting, roller nipper, pressure distribution, Hertz contact theory, fiber layer equivalent model, multi-parameter coupling

中图分类号:

TS101.1

钱丽莉, 李豪, 郁崇文, 曹巧丽. 牵伸区压力分布建模与验证[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(06): 53-59.

QIAN Lili, LI Hao, YU Chongwen, CAO Qiaoli. Modeling and verification of pressure distribution in drafting zone[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(06): 53-59.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20251007801

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V47/I06/53

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材料	密度γ/ （g·cm^-3）	弹性模量E/ MPa	泊松比μ
涤纶	1.38	15 280	0.38
棉	1.50	9 810	0.30~0.46
粘胶	1.52	7 840	0.30~0.46

材料	H	弹性模量E/ MPa	泊松比μ	半径/ mm
胶辊A	90.0	20.9	0.5	14.0
胶辊B	85.5	13.8	0.5	19.0
罗拉A	—	2.1×10⁵	0.3	12.5
罗拉B	—	2.1×10⁵	0.3	15.0
罗拉C	—	2.1×10⁵	0.3	22.5

组别	接触对	F/N	L/mm
1	胶辊A-罗拉A	152	10
2	胶辊B-罗拉B	790	180
3	胶辊B-罗拉C	806	180

纤维	牵伸倍数	纤维长度/mm	罗拉握持距/ mm	加速点/mm			计算偏差/%
纤维	牵伸倍数	纤维长度/mm	罗拉握持距/ mm	实测	计算		计算偏差/%
涤纶	5.7	38.0	50	2.0	1.9	5.00
棉	3.8	27.4	50	4.6	4.3	6.52
粘胶	4.2	38.0	50	1.2	1.1	8.33

纤维	实测或预测	不同罗拉握持距下的牵伸状态
纤维	实测或预测	40 mm	42 mm	44 mm	46 mm	48 mm	50 mm
涤纶	实测	×	×	×	√	√	√
涤纶	预测	×	×	×	√	√	√
粘胶	实测	×	×	×	×	√	√
粘胶	预测	×	×	×	×	√	√