纺织学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (05): 193-202.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20200803810

• 综合述评 • 上一篇    

纺织品生态阻燃技术研究进展

骆晓蕾1, 李紫嫣2, 马亚男2, 刘琳2(), KRUCINSKAIzabella3, 姚菊明2   

  1. 1.浙江理工大学 纺织科学与工程学院(国际丝绸学院), 浙江 杭州 310018
    2.浙江理工大学 材料科学与工程学院, 浙江 杭州 310018
    3.罗兹理工大学 材料技术与纺织品设计学院, 罗兹 90-924, 波兰
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-06 修回日期:2021-01-16 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘琳
  • 作者简介:骆晓蕾(1992—),女,博士生。主要研究方向为生物质高分子阻燃材料。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“万人计划”创新领军人才专项项目(111131A4E19003);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0131400);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51672251)

Progress in ecological flame retardant technology for textiles

LUO Xiaolei1, LI Ziyan2, MA Ya'nan2, LIU Lin2(), KRUCINSKA Izabella3, YAO Juming2   

  1. 1. College of Textile Science and Engineering(International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    3. Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
  • Received:2020-08-06 Revised:2021-01-16 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-05-20
  • Contact: LIU Lin

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摘要：

随着全球范围内环境法规的日趋严格和可持续发展进程的推进,纺织品阻燃技术生态化迫在眉睫,生态阻燃技术的发展及环保阻燃剂的开发与应用是关键。为推进纺织品生态阻燃技术及阻燃纺织品的发展,基于现有成果,综述了当前纺织品加工过程中常规的阻燃性能构建方式及其生态化研究进展,内容涵盖纺丝、纺纱、织造及后整理几方面,阐述了新式生态阻燃整理工艺研究及应用进展,并介绍了极具发展前景的环保型生物质阻燃剂及其在纺织品生态阻燃技术中的研究进展。最后指出,利用学科交叉解决施工复杂性及高成本两大瓶颈问题是实现其工业化应用的关键。

关键词: 纺织品阻燃工艺, 生态阻燃技术, 生物质阻燃剂, 无卤阻燃, 功能纺织品

Abstract:

With the increasingly stringent environmental regulations worldwide and the progress of sustainable development, the ecologicalization of textile flame retardant technology is imminent, and the development and application of ecological flame retardant technology and environmentally friendly flame retardants are the key. In order to promote the development of ecological textile flame-retardant technology and flame-retardant textiles, the conventional flame-retardant performance construction methods and the ecological improvement research progress in the current textile processing and molding process are summarized based on the existing achievements.The review covers spinning, weaving and finishing. At the same time, the research and application progress of new ecological flame retardant finishing technology are described. Furthermore, the promising environmentally friendly flame retardant, biomass flame retardant, its types and the research progress in textile ecological flame retardant technology are introduced. Finally, it is pointed out that the key to promote its industrial application is to solve by interdisciplinary efforts the two bottleneck problems, i.e. operational complexity and high cost.

Key words: textile flame retardant technology, ecological flame retardant technology, biomass flame retardant, halogen-free flame retardant, functional textiles

中图分类号: 

  • TS195

图1

纺织品阻燃工艺"

图2

浸轧烘焙法与浸渍烘燥法阻燃整理流程示意图"

表1

各类阻燃整理工艺优缺点及其研究重点"

阻燃整理工艺 优点 缺点 参考文献
传统工艺 浸轧烘焙法 操作简单、灵活,普适性强,低成本 耐久性一般,影响面料手感,环保性差 [19]
浸渍烘燥法 [20]
涂布法 [21]
喷雾法 引发方式多样,耐久性佳 反应操控复杂,损伤织物 [23]
接枝法 [26-27]
新式工艺 溶胶-凝胶法 低温反应环境,阻燃层细腻,均匀性佳 反应时间长,成本高 [28]
层层组装法 受基材影响小,便于精确定制 工艺步骤多 [15、31]
微胶囊法 改善相容性,维持阻燃剂稳定性 壳层厚度难把控 [32]
等离子体法 节能节水,操作简单,界面结合强度高,面料损伤小 活化面积有限,设备要求高 [28、34]

表2

环境友好型阻燃剂阻燃机制与缺陷"

阻燃剂 阻燃机制 缺陷 参考文献
硅系 界面绝缘屏障 阻燃效率差,相容性差 [15]
无机金属化合物 固相吸热,不燃气体稀释,产物作界面绝缘屏障 阻燃效率低,相容性差,或含重金属元素 [36]
炭系 界面绝缘屏障,部分能捕获自由基 阻燃效率差,成本高 [37]
生物质 作碳源以促进成炭,不燃气体气相稀释,捕获自由基 部分价格昂贵,热稳定性差 [38-40]

图3

自然界中的生物质阻燃剂"

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