纳米二氧化硅改性水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层织物的制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20200407206

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升水性聚氨酯涂层织物的防水透湿功能,采用R972疏水型气相纳米二氧化硅对水性聚氨酯进行共混改性,以涂层的方式对纯棉针织物进行整理。利用红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和超景深显微镜对纳米二氧化硅水性聚氨酯复合涂层的结构和形貌进行表征。研究了纳米二氧化硅质量分数对织物防水透湿性能的影响。结果表明:疏水型气相纳米二氧化硅可以在水性聚氨酯体系中发挥良好的纳米效应,并且对水性聚氨酯涂层膜的结构并无较大影响;当纳米二氧化硅质量分数为1.5%时,涂层膜的吸水率降低55.4%,涂层织物的透湿量增加54.7%,耐静水压和接触角分别增大86%和131.4%,同时复合涂层的力学性能也得到了显著改善。

关键词: 纳米二氧化硅, 水性聚氨酯, 防水透湿, 棉针织物, 涂层织物, 功能纺织品

Abstract:

In order to improve the water resistance of water-based polyurethane, R972 hydrophobic fumed nano-silica was used to blend and modify the water-based polyurethane, and a pure cotton knitted fabric was treated to improve the waterproof and moisture permeability of the fabric. The structure and morphology of nano-silica water-borne polyurethane coatings were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and super depth-of-field microscope. The effect of nano-silica content on the waterproof and moisture-permeable properties of fabrics was investigated using the single factor analysis. The results show that hydrophobic fumed nano-silica demonstrates a good nano-effect in aqueous polyurethane systems, and its addition has no great effect on the structure of the aqueous polyurethane coating film. When the nano-silica content is 1.5%, the water absorption of the coating film decreased by 55.4%, the moisture permeability of the coated fabric increased by 54.7%, the hydrostatic pressure resistance and contact angle increased by 86% and 131.4% repectively, and its mechanical properties were also significantly improved.

Key words: nano-silica, water-based polyurethane, waterproof and moisture-permeable, cotton knitted fabric, coated fabric, functional textiles

中图分类号:

TS195.5

丁子寒, 邱华. 纳米二氧化硅改性水性聚氨酯防水透湿涂层织物的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(03): 130-135.

DING Zihan, QIU Hua. Preparation and performance of nano-silica modified water-based polyurethane waterproof and moisture-permeable coated fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(03): 130-135.

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SiO₂质量分数/%	吸水前质量/g	吸水后质量/g	吸水率/%	接触角/(°)
0	0.157 1	0.182 0	15.849	58.58
0.5	0.154 0	0.173 8	12.857	124.25
1.0	0.178 0	0.192 5	8.146	128.40
1.5	0.131 7	0.141 0	7.062	135.58
2.0	0.106 3	0.112 5	5.833	129.46
2.5	0.091 5	0.094 6	3.388	131.22