Journal of Textile Research ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (04): 162-170.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240905801

• Apparel Engineering • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Optimization design method for sports bra using CAD/CAE technology

CHEN Xinwei1, GU Bingfei1,2, TIAN Jiali3, ZHOU Sifan1, LIU Yuxi1, LIU Jinling1, YICK Kit-lun4, SUN Yue1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Fashion Design & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Silk Culture Heritage and Products Design Digital Technology, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
    3. College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
    4. School of Fashion & Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
  • Received:2024-09-25 Revised:2024-12-25 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-06-11
  • Contact: SUN Yue E-mail:sunyue@zstu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Objective Traditional sports bras often do not adequately meet the unique biomechanical needs of women during physical activities, leading to discomfort and potential health problems. In order to explore the influence of parameter structure on the control performance and pressure comfort of sports bra, to provide consumers with more body-fitting, strong support and comfortable sports bra. Combining computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE) techniques, a human-sports bra contact model was constructed to evaluate the performance of sports bras with different design parameters from two aspects of control level and contact pressure.

Method The 3-D body scanner was used to capture female chest data to create geometric models of the female breasts, torso, and sports bra. The sports bra outline was established using two-dimensional pattern design and three-dimensional virtual try-on. Specifically, design parameters such as the height of the gore, side band, and back structure were modified in conjunction with CAD methods, and the geometric model of the bra was quickly obtained in the virtual fitting environment. After assemblying using an interference fitting method, simulations were conducted to analyze the displacement of the breast along the Z-axis and the effects of static and dynamic pressure.

Results The 3-D configuration of sports bra and the human body contact model, developed using digital design, was validated through motion capture experiments focused on nipple displacement. The root mean square error (RMSE) were determined to be 5.52 mm (braless condition) and 1.11 mm (wearing sports bra), confirming the model's validity and feasibility. Combining computer aided design(CAD) and computer aided engineering(CAE), five distinct sports underwear models were created by varying three design parameters: the gore height, the side wing height and the back structure. The experimental data indicated that modifying either the structural parameters alone or both the core height and the back structure simultaneously could significantly reduce breast displacement compared to the basic sports bra, with the maximum reduction reaching 1.23%. The overall displacement inhibition effectiveness was ranked as JH_B > CH > B > JH > basic pattern. Regarding contact pressure, it was observed that under both dynamic and static conditions, the shoulder strap exhibited the highest contact pressure, followed by bottom breasts and side under-band regions. Notably, the contact pressure at the bottom breasts (3.32 to 3.71 kPa) exhibited the most significant variation. Compared with changing a single structural parameter (set in this study), the simultaneous change of the U-shaped back structure and the height of the core significantly affected the dynamic contact pressure of the side bottom and the bottom of the breast, and increase the pressure of the bottom and the bottom of the breast. The results showed that the JH_B sports bra model positively impacts the inhibition of displacement and the dynamic and static contact pressure at the bottom breasts. Consequently, altering one structural parameter does not negate the influence of the other. If it is necessary to enhance the control performance of the sports bra, it is recommended to adjust both parameters simultaneously.

Conclusion The innovative method combining CAD and CAE technology method proposed in this paper is capable of analyzing the influence of relevant bra design parameters on breast biomechanical dynamic response during running. By conducting a comparative analysis of breast displacement and dynamic contact pressure across various sports bra structural designs, this approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the functional and ergonomic aspects of sports bra design. Consequently, developers can optimize the design effectively to enhance fit, support, and comfort, thereby improving athletic performance and experience to meet consumer needs and preferences.

Key words: sports bra, pattern design, breast displacement, contact pressure, finite element simulation, dynamic contact model

CLC Number: 

  • TS941.2

Fig.1

Style of sports bra. (a) Front view; (b) Back view"

Fig.2

Process of human body geometric model establishment"

Fig.3

Schematic diagram of 3-D motion capture market points"

Tab.1

Material coefficients of the breast model"

人体部位 材料模型 材料系数/kPa
C10 C01 C11 C20 C30
胸部软组织 Mooney-Rivlin 0.3 0.31 2.5 4.7 3.8

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of parameters"

Tab.2

Model parameter variables and model names"

结构参数名称 参数变量 模型名称
无 未改变(背部结构为X型) 基础版
侧比高度 向上增加2.5 cm CH
背部结构 U型背部结构 B
鸡心高度 向上增加2 cm JH
鸡心高增加2 cm,后背结构改成U型 JH_B

Fig.5

Virtual fitting"

Fig.6

Geometric model of sports bra"

Tab.3

Material coefficients of sports bra"

运动文胸面料区 弹性模量E/MPa 泊松比ʋ
肩带 1.18 0.34
前片 横向 1.11 0.28
纵向 1.14 0.31
后片 横向 1.08 0.27
纵向 1.12 0.30
底围 1.24 0.38

Fig.7

Finite element model of human body and sports bra. (a) Torso; (b) Soft tissue; (c) Sports bra"

Fig.8

Experimental measurement and finite element simulation of breast displacement. (a) Braless condition measured; (b) Bra-wearing condition measured"

Tab.4

Maximum displacement of breast point with different parameter variable"

模型类型 最大位移/mm
基础版 46.97
CH(侧比增高2.5 cm) 46.58
B(U型背部结构) 46.60
JH(鸡心增高2 cm) 46.75
JH_B(鸡心增高2 cm+U背结构) 46.39

Fig.9

Static contact pressure distribution cloud image. (a) Wearing base model; (b) Wearing CH model; (c) Wearing B model; (d) Wearing JH model; (e) Wearing JH_B model"

Fig.10

Areas of maximum contact pressure distributed in different parts of human body. (a) Bottom breast; (b) Underband; (c) Shoulder strap"

Tab.5

Static simulation results of maximum contact pressure in different parts"

版型 静态压力/kPa
胸底部 侧边底围 肩带
基础版 3.04 1.96 5.43
CH 3.28 1.82 4.15
B 3.30 2.04 4.50
JH 3.37 2.00 4.14
JH_B 3.83 1.90 4.29

Fig.11

Finite element simulation of dynamic contact pressure while wearing sports underwear. (a) Shoulder strap; (b) Bottom breast; (c) Underband"

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