芳纶纳米纤维/热塑性聚氨酯复合微孔膜与可呼吸覆膜织物制备及其性能

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20240803401

纺织学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (07): 19-27.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20240803401

芳纶纳米纤维/热塑性聚氨酯复合微孔膜与可呼吸覆膜织物制备及其性能

张利平¹^,², 郭羽晴¹^,², 丁博¹^,², 孙洁¹^,²()

¹ 江南大学特种防护纺织品教育部重点实验室, 江苏无锡 214122
² 江南大学纺织科学与工程学院, 江苏无锡 214122

收稿日期:2024-08-20 修回日期:2025-01-07 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-08-14
通讯作者: 孙洁(1979—),女,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能纺织材料设计。E-mail:sunjie@jiangnan.edu.cn。
作者简介:张利平(1999—),女,硕士生。主要研究方向为功能纺织材料设计。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51903109)

Preparation and properties of aramid nanofibers/thermoplastic polyurethane composite microporous membrane and respirable coated fabric

ZHANG Liping¹^,², GUO Yuqing¹^,², DING Bo¹^,², SUN Jie¹^,²()

¹ Key Laboratory of Special Protective Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
² College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China

Received:2024-08-20 Revised:2025-01-07 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-08-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究芳纶纳米纤维(ANF)对热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)膜孔径结构的调节作用,采用非溶剂诱导相分离的方法改变芳纶纳米纤维在铸膜液中的含量,制备了ANF/TPU复合微孔膜系列样品,并对其微观物化结构、透气、透湿以及力学性能进行系统分析。结果表明:ANF的加入使得复合膜的孔径逐渐增大且泡壁上出现较多破孔,进而对膜的透气、透湿和力学性能均产生影响,当ANF质量分数为0.4% 时,复合膜具有优异的力学性能,强度和断裂伸长率分别为1.3 MPa、400%,相比纯TPU膜分别提高了66.7%、17.5%;当ANF质量分数为0.8%时,复合膜具有最高的透气率、透湿率,分别为2.95 mm/s和3 315 g/(m²·d),将此微孔膜与塔丝隆织物复合,制得的覆膜织物兼具良好的气体阻隔性、透湿性以及力学强度,用作户外运动面料具备防水透湿、防风保暖、热湿舒适的特点,具有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 热塑性聚氨酯, 芳纶纳米纤维, 微孔膜, 覆膜织物, 户外运动面料

Abstract:

Objective Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) can be prepared into microporous membranes by melt processing or solution processing. Aramid nanofibers (ANF) are nano-sized PPTA aramid fibers with excellent mechanical properties. Both ANF and TPU contain amide bonds. From the existing research, the combination of the two can achieve a better composite effect in theory by establishing multiple interactions such as hydrogen bonds. However, there is still a lack of systematic research in this aspect. Hence, ANF was introduced into the preparation of TPU microporous membrane, and the improvement and regulation of ANF on the structure and properties of TPU microporous membrane were analyzed and discussed, and its application in outdoor sportswear was preliminarily investigated.

Method TPU microporous membrane was prepared by wet scraping method based on the non-solvent induced phase separation technology, using DMF as solvent, ethanol as non-solvent and ANF as modifier. Firstly, the regulation effect of different mass fractions of ANF on the internal pores of TPU microporous membrane was discussed. Then, the best formula was selected to coat the fabric, and the properties of the coated fabric were analyzed to explore the application of the microporous membrane in the development of outdoor windproof and warm-keeping fabrics.

Results The ANF/TPU casting solution exhibited Newtonian fluid behavior at low shear rate, and the dispersion was dominated by viscous behavior, showing a liquid-dominated viscoelastic phase. From the microscopic morphology of the composite membrane, the size of the cell was gradually increased and the connectivity between the cell chambers strengthened as the amount of ANF increased. The BET diagram showed that the pore structure of the composite membrane was irregular, and the addition of ANF led to a decrease in the number of macropores in the microporous membrane. IR spectra and XRD patterns showed that ANF had good compatibility with TPU. The air permeability and moisture permeability of the composite membrane were increased with the increase of ANF, and the decrease of water wettability was not obvious. When the mass fraction of ANF was increased to 0.4%, the breaking strength of the microporous membrane reached the maximum of 1.3 MPa, which was 66.7% higher than that of the untreated microporous membrane. When the content of ANF continued to increase, the tensile strength declined slightly, and the elongation at break also showed a similar trend. The 0.4% ANF/TPU composite membrane was selected to coat the nylon Taslon fabric. From the microscopic morphology map, it was found that the interface between the membrane and the fabric is well combined. The coating treatment gave the fabric a gas barrier to maintain good moisture permeability, which significantly improved the mechanical properties of the fabric. The breaking strength and elongation were increased by 92% and 5.2%, respectively, compared with the original fabric.

Conclusion TPU was blended with ANF, and it was found that ANF could adjust the pore size and connectivity of the microporous membrane. With the increase of ANF content, the pore size of the composite membrane gradually increased, and more pores appeared on the bubble wall. This multi-level microporous structure influenced the air permeability, moisture permeability and mechanical properties of the microporous membrane. The 0.4% ANF/TPU composite membrane had excellent mechanical properties. The breaking strength and elongation at break were 1.3 MPa and 400%, respectively, which were 66.7% and 17.5% higher than those of pure TPU membrane, respectively. As the mass fraction of ANF increased to 0.8%, the air permeability and moisture permeability of the composite membrane continued to increase, and the highest values were 2.95 mm/s and 3 315 g/(m²·d), respectively. The 0.8% ANF/TPU composite film with excellent comprehensive performance was adopted to compound with Taslon fabric. It was found that the breaking strength and elongation of the coated fabric were increased by 92% and 5.2%; respectively, compared with the original fabric, which had a good application prospect in the field of outdoor sports.

Key words: thermoplastic polyurethane, aramid nanofiber, microporous membrane, coated fabric, outdoor sports fabric

中图分类号:

TB34

张利平, 郭羽晴, 丁博, 孙洁. 芳纶纳米纤维/热塑性聚氨酯复合微孔膜与可呼吸覆膜织物制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(07): 19-27.

ZHANG Liping, GUO Yuqing, DING Bo, SUN Jie. Preparation and properties of aramid nanofibers/thermoplastic polyurethane composite microporous membrane and respirable coated fabric[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(07): 19-27.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20240803401

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I07/19

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织物	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)	透湿率/ (g·m^-2·d^-1)	接触角/(°)		断裂强度/ MPa	断裂伸长率/%
织物	透气率/ (mm·s^-1)	透湿率/ (g·m^-2·d^-1)	正面	反面	断裂强度/ MPa	断裂伸长率/%
0.8% ANF/TPU覆膜织物	4.301	1 870	123.940	67.148	12.45	64.85
织物原样	114.700	1 992	123.940	123.940	6.48	61.65

芳纶纳米纤维/热塑性聚氨酯复合微孔膜与可呼吸覆膜织物制备及其性能

Preparation and properties of aramid nanofibers/thermoplastic polyurethane composite microporous membrane and respirable coated fabric

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