三维蚕丝蛋白支架的应用研究进展

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20241200302

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为拓展蚕丝蛋白在组织工程与生物医学领域的应用,解决临床适配材料研制不足的问题,阐述了三维蚕丝蛋白支架培养与二维培养在细胞分化、增殖、黏附等行为上表现出的显著差异,及其在疾病治疗、药物筛选及疗效评估中展现的应用潜力。阐述了三维蚕丝蛋白支架的结构设计、制备工艺及其在皮肤、骨、软骨、韧带和神经组织工程中的应用。分析表明,材料结构与组织再生需求的适配性至关重要,而临床规模化制备及性能精准调控仍是亟待突破的关键挑战。通过整合该领域的研究脉络,为蚕丝生物材料的医学转化提供了针对应用场景、技术路径及瓶颈突破的系统性参考。

关键词: 丝素蛋白, 丝胶蛋白, 三维细胞培养, 三维蚕丝蛋白支架, 组织工程

Abstract:

Significance Silk protein is a naturally occurring polymer protein composed of sericin and fibroin. Fibroin has good biocompatibility, adjustable biodegradability, excellent antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties as well as strong moldable properties. Sericin has properties such as good water solubility, unique gelation properties and cell adhesion promotion. Therefore, silk proteins are often utilized to prepare various types of biomedical materials and tissue repair, among which three-dimensional silk protein scaffolds are more widely used. In order to expand the application of silk protein in biomaterials and tissue engineering and promote the clinical research of filament-based materials, the structure and preparation methods of three-dimensional silk protein scaffolds and the latest research progress and limitations of three-dimensional silk protein scaffolds in cell culture, skin, bone, cartilage, ligament and nerve repair were reviewed, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the application of silk-based biomaterials in the medical field.

Progress Silk proteins have been shown to be biocompatible and maintain normal cell growth in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures, but three-dimensional cultures based on silk proteins are able to provide cells with a porous structure that can be used as a geometrical carrier for directed cell growth, and three-dimensional culture is more suitable for disease modeling than two-dimensional culture, and more accurate results can be obtained. Since donor shortages, immune rejection of grafts, repeated surgeries, and long recovery times are prevalent in the repair of locomotor systems such as bone, cartilage, and ligaments, silk proteins have been widely adopted to prepare raw materials for the repair of these tissues by virtae of their unique properties. Three-dimensional silk protein-based scaffolds can reduce pain, shorten wound healing time as well as promote skin barrier recovery as wound dressings. The repair and regeneration effects of three-dimensional silk protein scaffolds on skin can also be further enhanced through the compounding and functionalization of raw materials. Three-dimensional silk protein-based scaffolds can promote osteoblast differentiation, repair bone defects, form artificial cartilage in animals, and also promote ligament regeneration. In addition, Three-dimensional silk protein conduits can promote the proliferation of nerve cells and the secretion of neurotrophic factors, and provide direction for the growth of nerve fibers.

Conclusion and Prospect Because silk protein has many excellent properties, its preparation into three-dimensional scaffolds has been widely used in cell culture and tissue engineering, and it has significant advantages in promoting cell proliferation and adhesion, including promoting cell proliferation and adhesion, accelerating wound healing, collagen deposition, promoting angiogenesis, inducing osteoblast differentiation, forming cartilage in vitro and achieving functional integration in vivo, enhancing ligament-specific differentiation of adult stem cells, promoting nerve repair and so on. However, due to tissue specificity, for different damaged tissues or organs, a single silk protein scaffold material may have certain deficiencies in tissue affinity, mechanical properties, structure and functionality, so it is necessary to form a composite material by combining materials with different performance advantages. Although silk proteins have no significant side effects, the results show that structurally and functionally modified silk proteins have broader prospects for biomedical applications. In order to promote the research process of silk proteins in clinical applications, standardized and verifiable 3D cell culture models can be established in the future, while further technological improvements and optimizations can be enhanced in the areas of high-throughput analysis, image scanning, reproducibility, compatible readout technology and automation.

Key words: silk fibroin, silk sericin, three-dimensional cell culture, three-dimensional silk protein scaffold, tissue engineering

中图分类号:

TS101.4

曾姚, 吕金凤, 王介平, 刘荣鹏, 周婵. 三维蚕丝蛋白支架的应用研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(09): 258-267.

ZENG Yao, LÜ Jinfeng, WANG Jieping, LIU Rongpeng, ZHOU Chan. Progress in application of three-dimensional silk protein scaffolds[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2025, 46(09): 258-267.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20241200302

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V46/I09/258

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原料	支架类型	制备方法	修复组织	参考文献
丝素蛋白	三维支架	冷冻干燥	皮肤	[24-25]
壳聚糖/丝胶蛋白	三维支架	超声处理		[26]
丝素蛋白/海藻酸钠	三维支架	冷冻干燥/ 塑模		[27]
丝素蛋白/海藻酸钠	三维支架	冷冻干燥/ 塑模		[28]
丝胶蛋白/甲基丙烯酸酐改性明胶	水凝胶	3D打印
丝素蛋白/壳聚糖	三维支架	冷冻干燥	骨	[29]
丝素蛋白/ 羟基磷灰石	三维支架	3D打印		[30]
丝胶蛋白/ 明胶/胶原	三维支架	烘干		[6]
海藻酸盐/丝胶蛋白/氧化石墨烯	水凝胶	酶促交联		[19]
丝素蛋白	海绵	冷冻干燥	软骨	[31]
丝素蛋白	三维支架	塑模室温蒸发		[32]
丝胶蛋白	水凝胶	紫外光光交联		[33]
丝素蛋白/明胶/骨髓间充质干细胞特异性亲和肽	三维支架	3D打印		[7]
丝素纤维/胶原	三维支架	冷冻干燥和脱水热交联	前交叉韧带	[21]
丝素蛋白	三维支架	3D打印	神经	[34]
丝素蛋白	神经导管	酶促交联/ 冷冻干燥		[35]
丝素蛋白	神经导管	冻融		[23]
丝素蛋白/ 丝素纤维	神经导管	编织/ 冷冻干燥		[36]
丝素蛋白/层粘连蛋白/丙烯酸酯	水凝胶	光交联		[37]

培养方式	细胞类型	共培养效果	参考文献
二维	MC3T3-E1	细胞数量增加,代谢活性基本不变,促进细胞增殖	[1,43]
	L929	活细胞增多,细胞活力增强	[40]
	MC3T3	促进细胞黏附和生长	[41]
三维	Caco-2/ HT29-MTX	细胞呈现极化和组织屏障特性	[2]
	MSC	促进细胞持续增殖,改变细胞代谢物的分泌,优化细胞性能	[3]
	MSCs、OB	三维培养后能更好的促进成骨	[8]
	NIH-3T3	提高细胞活力,促进细胞增殖	[44]
	Huh7	促进细胞分化,细胞附着、扩散和生长效果显著优于二维培养	[45]
	HepR21	黏附性、活力、代谢活性、增殖能力显著强于二维培养	[46]
	786-O	脂质含量显著高于二维培养, 脂滴积累的增加	[47]
	PC12	具有良好的黏附性、增殖性和扩散性	[34]