碳纤维非织造材料的研究应用及展望

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20250304802

纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 240-249.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20250304802

碳纤维非织造材料的研究应用及展望

王世豪¹, 徐晓禹², 郑挺³, 王金星⁴, 姚德刚⁵, 王俊⁵, 叶翔宇⁶, 田慧⁷, 李婷⁸, 朱斐超¹()

1.浙江理工大学生物基纤维材料全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310018
2.江华新材料科技(江苏)有限公司, 江苏南通 226000
3.浙江蓝天鹤舞控股有限公司, 浙江杭州 311200
4.杭州路先非织造股份有限公司, 浙江杭州 310018
5.青岛见奇机电科技有限公司, 山东青岛 266100
6.浙江省质量科学研究院, 浙江杭州 310018
7.东纶科技实业有限公司, 河北廊坊 065001
8.中国纺织科学研究院有限公司, 北京 100025

收稿日期:2025-03-24 修回日期:2025-11-11 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-01-15
通讯作者: 朱斐超(1988—),男,副教授,博士。主要研究方向为产业用非织造材料的制备与开发。E-mail:zhufeichao@zstu.edu.cn。
作者简介:王世豪(2000—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为产业用纺织材料。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52003306);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ21E030013)

Research applications and prospect of carbon fiber nonwovens

WANG Shihao¹, XU Xiaoyu², ZHENG Ting³, WANG Jinxing⁴, YAO Degang⁵, WANG Jun⁵, YE Xiangyu⁶, TIAN Hui⁷, LI Ting⁸, ZHU Feichao¹()

1. National Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. Jianghua New Materials Technology (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, China
3. Zhejiang Lantianhewu Holding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
4. Hangzhou Advanced Nonwoven Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
5. Qingdao Jianqi Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
6. Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
7. Eastex Industrial Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang, Hebei 065001, China
8. China Textile Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China

Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-11-11 Published:2026-01-15 Online:2026-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳纤维非织造材料是通过非织造生产工艺对不同碳纤维原料进行加工得到的同时具有碳纤维和非织造材料性能的特殊材料。为推动该材料的应用,综述了针刺、水刺、湿法、熔喷、静电纺丝法、离心纺丝法等碳纤维非织造材料的原料、成形工艺、产品优势与面临的问题。分别讨论了国内外碳纤维毡、碳纤维纸、碳纤维膜的产能规模,产品性能及最新研究进展,受限于碳纤维材料的性能瓶颈与产能约束,国内在碳纤维非织造材料的工业化生产仍处于追赶阶段,而科研领域对碳纤维材料的研究热度持续高涨与成果产出频现,预示未来碳纤维非织造材料在国内规模化发展的市场前景。最后展望了碳纤维非织造材料的发展方向,为碳纤维非织造材料的高值化应用提供借鉴。

关键词: 碳纤维, 非织造布, 针刺, 水刺, 湿法成网, 静电纺丝, 离心纺丝, 熔喷

Abstract:

Significance Carbon fiber nonwoven materials are fabricated from carbon fibers or their precursors (e.g., polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and pitch) by various nonwoven forming technologies. These materials integrate the inherent properties of carbon fibers such as wear resistance, ablation resistance, and electrical conductivity with the advantages of nonwoven manufacturing, including high production efficiency and flexible regulation of product structure and functionality. Consequently, they exhibit broad application prospects across multiple fields. For instance, needle-punched carbon fiber nonwovens are widely used in brake discs, rocket nozzles, and nose cones, benefiting from their excellent wear and ablation resistance. Carbon fiber membranes prepared by centrifugal spinning and electrospinning hold great potential in electrode materials and electromagnetic shielding applications. Meltblown carbon fiber nonwovens possess both filtration and adsorption capabilities, while spunlaced carbon fiber nonwovens are suitable for thin insulation materials in high-speed railways.

Progress This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress of carbon fiber nonwoven materials, starting from their preparation by different technologies. Based on the technical and product characteristics of various carbon fiber nonwovens, a detailed analysis is conducted from the perspectives of raw materials, preparation processes, equipment, and application fields. Needle-punched carbon fiber nonwovens are characterized by high production efficiency and adjustable product shapes, thus ideal for high-demand composites requiring superior mechanical resistance (e.g., ablation-resistant and wear-resistant materials). Electrospinning, which enables the preparation of nanoscale carbon fibers, has attracted extensive attention and research from scholars. In the study of wet-laid carbon fiber nonwovens, researchers have continuously proposed innovative solutions to address the key challenge of uniform dispersion of carbon staple fibers. Meanwhile, equipment for meltblown and centrifugal-spun carbon fiber nonwovens is constantly upgraded to achieve stable and consistent production. Regarding applications, this paper focuses on the utilization of carbon fiber nonwovens in high-resistance materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, adsorption/filtration materials, and energy storage systems.

Conclusion and Prospect Advancements in nonwoven and carbon fiber technologies have laid a solid foundation for the development of carbon fiber nonwoven materials, enabling their high performance and multifunctionality and thus ensuring excellent performance across diverse fields. This paper prospects the future development trends of carbon fiber nonwoven materials as follows: 1) ultra-refinement: ultra-fine carbon fibers offer large specific surface area and high entanglement density, which can enhance the versatility of carbon fiber nonwovens and expand their applications in electrode materials, battery separators, adsorption/filtration materials, and electromagnetic shielding materials. 2) Green engineering: currently, research on Lyocell-based carbon fiber nonwovens is limited, with a focus on adsorption capacity. Future efforts should address the low carbon yield and poor performance of Lyocell-based carbon fibers to realize the green production of carbon fiber nonwovens. 3) Energy saving: the carbonization process of pitch-based and PAN-based felts consumes substantial energy and may suffer from uneven carbonization. Therefore, it is necessary to upgrade pre-oxidation and carbonization methods and equipment tailored to carbon fiber nonwovens to achieve energy efficiency. 4) Recycling: recycled carbon fiber staple fibers, obtained by crushing discarded carbon fiber filament products, can be used for the preparation of needle-punched and wet-laid carbon fiber nonwovens, promoting resource reuse.

Key words: carbon fiber, nonwoven, needle punching, spunlacing, wet-laid web forming, electrospinning, centrifugal spinning, meltblowing

中图分类号:

TS174

王世豪, 徐晓禹, 郑挺, 王金星, 姚德刚, 王俊, 叶翔宇, 田慧, 李婷, 朱斐超. 碳纤维非织造材料的研究应用及展望[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(1): 240-249.

WANG Shihao, XU Xiaoyu, ZHENG Ting, WANG Jinxing, YAO Degang, WANG Jun, YE Xiangyu, TIAN Hui, LI Ting, ZHU Feichao. Research applications and prospect of carbon fiber nonwovens[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(1): 240-249.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20250304802

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V47/I1/240

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工艺	纤维直径/μm	典型应用
针刺法^[1]	10~20	刹车盘、火箭喉衬、耐烧蚀材料
水刺法^[2]	5~10	高铁飞机防寒保温吸音材料
湿法^[3]	5~10	燃料电池气体扩散层、电磁屏蔽材料
熔喷法^[4]	0.5~5	空气吸附过滤材料、电磁屏蔽材料
静电纺丝法^[5]	0.05~0.5	锂电池电极、吸附材料、柔性屏蔽膜
离心纺丝法^[6]	0.3~1	锂电池电极、电磁屏蔽材料、高效吸附膜

材料	导热系数/ (W·(m·K)^-1)	耐摩擦性能	耐热温度/ ℃	密度/ (g·cm^-3)
PAN 基碳纤维	100~300	良好	2 000	1.7~1.9
高性能沥青基碳纤维	800~1 200	优异	>2 000	1.9~2.1
通用级沥青基碳纤维	300~600	中等	>1 500	1.6~1.9
纤维素基碳纤维	200~400	中等	>1 000	1.5~1.7
钢	40~60	中等	1 540 (熔点)	7.8~7.9
铝合金	200~240	较差	660 (熔点)	2.7

碳纤维非织造材料的研究应用及展望

Research applications and prospect of carbon fiber nonwovens

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