大麻脱胶废水在固沙中的应用

doi:10.13475/j.fzxb.20260301001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大麻脱胶废水处理难、荒漠化治理亟需低成本生态固沙剂的现状,应用大麻脱胶废水黏结沙粒,从工艺参数优化、多胶质组分影响、结壳特征及保水性等方面探究其固沙应用潜力,并与聚乙烯醇(PVA)、木质素等固沙材料进行比较。结果表明:脱胶废水中多糖的重均分子量(822 ku)和质量浓度(9.1 g/L)远高于其它胶质组分,是结壳成形的关键物质;为制备硬度理想的结壳,优选喷洒量5 kg/m²、多糖质量浓度5 g/L;达到同等结壳硬度时,所需多糖浓度比PVA高52%,较木质素低85%。整体而言,提高果胶、蛋白质与木质素浓度可提升多糖结壳硬度,但低质量浓度区间(0~0.2 g/L)下3类胶质均对多糖固沙产生抑制作用;沿结壳厚度从上而下,各胶质含量与多糖重均分子量均呈递减分布,结壳密度也随之逐渐减小。适合固沙的多糖重均分子量需在50~500 ku之间;多糖结壳的水分保留率可达30.3%,优于PVA结壳(27.6%)和木质素结壳(18.1%),更利于种子萌发。研究证实,大麻脱胶废水可作为优良的生态固沙材料。

关键词: 大麻, 脱胶废水, 固沙, 多糖, 沙胶结壳, 果胶, 荒漠化控制

Abstract:

Objective The pollution caused by degumming wastewater has restricted the sustainable development of the hemp industry, as no mature remediation strategy is currently available. Meanwhile, commercial sand-fixing agents used in desertification control are predominantly synthetic polymers with poor biodegradability. In contrast, the colloids in hemp degumming wastewater consist mainly of polysaccharides, which readily form hydrogen bonds and exhibit excellent biodegradability, highlighting their potential as raw materials for sand-fixing agents. Therefore, converting this wastewater into sand-fixing products would not only mitigate pollution discharge but also contribute to the restoration of fragile ecosystems.

Method This study employed hemp degumming wastewater directly for sand-particle bonding, systematically investigating its sand-fixing potential from multiple perspectives, including optimization of application parameters, the influence of multi-colloid components, crust characteristics, and water-retention properties. Initially, a sand-fixing agent of a specified concentration was sprayed onto a sandy soil surface at a designed application rate, forming a sand crust upon drying. Using a target crust hardness of 1-2 kg/cm², the application parameters were optimized. Subsequently, the structural characteristics and formation mechanism of the polysaccharide-induced crust were analyzed, and the sand-fixing efficacy of the polysaccharides was evaluated through comparative analysis with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and lignin.

Results The weight-average molecular weight (822 ku) and mass concentration (9.1 g/L) of polysaccharides in hemp degumming wastewater were significantly higher than those of other colloids, such as lignin, pectin, and protein, identifying them as the key factors governing sand crust formation. With increasing spraying volume, crust hardness showed an initial rapid increase before a slowing down, but as polysaccharide mass concentration rose, the crust hardness exhibited a slow initial growth followed by a sustained rapid rise. In order to achieve the target crust hardness of 1-2 kg/cm², the optimal application parameters were determined as a spraying rate of 5 kg/m² and a polysaccharide mass concentration of 5 g/L. Analysis revealed that achieving equivalent hardness required a hemp polysaccharide mass concentration 52% higher than that of PVA but 85% lower than that of lignin. Furthermore, while elevated mass concentrations of pectin, protein, and lignin generally enhanced the hardness of polysaccharide-based crusts, pectin showed the most pronounced effect. Nevertheless, low concentrations (0-0.2 g/L) of these additives exerted adverse effects. Structurally, the content of various colloids and the molecular weight of polysaccharides decreased from the top to the bottom of the crust, corresponding to a gradual reduction in density along the thickness direction. In order to maintain the ideal crust hardness range, the weight-average molecular weight of hemp polysaccharides should be confined to 50-500 ku. The water retention rate of hemp polysaccharide-based crust reached 30.3%, surpassing that of PVA (27.6%) and lignin (18.1%), thereby contributing to superior seed germination performance.

Conclusion The polysaccharide colloids in hemp degumming wastewater not only bind sand particles but also exhibit excellent biodegradability, positioning them as a high-quality raw material for sand-fixing agents used in the ecological restoration of desertified regions.

Key words: hemp, degumming wastewater, sand fixation, polysaccharide, sand-cemented crust, pectin, desertification control

中图分类号:

TS129

杨洁, 董震. 大麻脱胶废水在固沙中的应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(07): 34-43.

YANG Jie, DONG Zhen. Application of hemp degumming wastewater in sand fixation[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2026, 47(07): 34-43.

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链接本文: http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/10.13475/j.fzxb.20260301001

http://www.fzxb.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V47/I07/34

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结壳位置	重均分子量/ku	黏度/(mPa·s)
结皮层	254±21^a	3.6±0.2^A
结壳中层	161±11^b	3.2±0.2^B
结壳底层	46±4^c	2.7±0.1^C