纺织学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (05): 182-189.doi: 10.13475/j.fzxb.20251001801

• 染整工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

植酸改性茶多酚阻燃涤纶织物的制备及其性能

张旭1,2,3,4,5, 许云凯1,2,3,4,5, 刘云1,2,3,4,5()   

  1. 1 青岛大学 纺织服装学院, 山东 青岛 266071
    2 青岛大学 功能纺织品与先进材料研究院, 山东 青岛 266071
    3 青岛大学 新型防火阻燃材料开发与应用国家地方联合工程研究中心, 山东 青岛 266071
    4 山东省高分子材料循环与回收利用重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071
    5 青岛大学 青岛市阻燃纺织材料重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 修回日期:2026-03-12 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘云(1982—),女,教授,博士。主要研究方向为功能纤维及纺织品。E-mail:yliu@qdu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:张旭(2001—),男,硕士生。主要研究方向为阻燃后整理纺织品。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(52373059)

Preparation and properties of phytic acid modified tea polyphenol flame-retardant polyester fabrics

ZHANG Xu1,2,3,4,5, XU Yunkai1,2,3,4,5, LIU Yun1,2,3,4,5()   

  1. 1 College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    2 Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    3 National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    4 Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Recycling and Utilization, Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
    5 Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Revised:2026-03-12 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-07-10

RichHTML

6

PDF (PC)

13

摘要：

针对涤纶织物极限氧指数(LOI)低,且在燃烧中易产生熔滴的问题,采用植酸(PA)与茶多酚(TP)为原料,通过酯化反应制备阻燃剂PT,并通过轧烘焙工艺对涤纶织物进行阻燃整理。测试了整理前后涤纶织物的微观形貌、热稳定性能、阻燃性能等。结果表明:经过阻燃剂PT整理后,阻燃剂以固体沉积物形式附着在涤纶纤维表面;当增重率为20.8%时,PT整理涤纶织物的损毁长度减至76 mm,LOI值增至26.6%,且无熔滴;与原织物相比,PT整理涤纶织物的热释放速率峰值下降29.2%,总热释放下降28.3%;此外,涤纶织物的抗菌性能也得到明显改善,PT整理涤纶织物对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别达到100%、97.8%,但耐水洗性较差,仍需进一步改进。阻燃剂PT赋予涤纶织物多功能性,实现了阻燃与抗菌性能的协同提升。

关键词: 涤纶织物, 植酸, 茶多酚, 阻燃性能, 抗菌性能, 阻燃整理, 功能性纺织品

Abstract:

Objective Polyester fabrics are popularly produced and widely used because of their high breaking strength and good chemical stability. However, their low limiting oxygen index (LOI) and tendency to produce melt drippings in burning make them potential fire risks. Conventional flame retardants face two major challenges, where halogenated types emit toxic gases, while many phosphorus and nitrogen-based variants deplete non-renewable petrochemical and mineral resources. Therefore, it is highly necessary to design a biomass-derived flame retardant for improving the flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of PET fabrics.

Method A flame retardant (PT) was synthesized by esterification using phytic acid (PA) and tea polyphenols (TP) as raw materials. The polyester (PET) fabric was then treated with this flame retardant through a dip-pad-cure process. PET fabrics finished with 100 g/L PA solution and 100 g/L PT solution were designated as PET-PA and PET-PT, respectively. PT exerted a phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic effect to promote char formation of PET fabrics, thereby enhancing the flame-retardant performance of the fabrics. The flame retardancy, mechanical performance, and antibacterial activity of the treated PET fabrics were evaluated through vertical flame test (VFT), limiting oxygen index measurement, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, breaking strength test, and antibacterial test.

Results The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed substantial deposits of PT adhered to the PET fiber surfaces in the form of solid particulates. TG analysis results indicated that, the thermal stability of PET-PT in the low-temperature region decreased compared with raw PET fabric, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature (T5%) was shifted to a lower value. However, its maximum thermal decomposition rate (Rmax) decreased significantly, and the char residue of the fabric was markedly enhanced, increasing to 15.77% in a nitrogen atmosphere and 2.02% in an air atmosphere at 700 ℃. These results indicated that PT catalyzed the early decomposition of PET, while simultaneously promoting char formation and thereby enhancing the thermal stability of PET fabrics in the high-temperature region. VFT results showed that PET-PT self-extinguished immediately after being removed from the flame, with no melt-dripping observed, and the damage length was only 76 mm. The LOI value of PET-PT increased to 26.6%. These findings collectively indicated that PT effectively improved the flame retardancy and anti-dripping performance of PET fabrics, thereby significantly improving the fire safety of PET fabrics. Furthermore, micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC) results showed that compared with the pure PET fabric, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PET-PT decreased by 29.2% and the total heat release (THR) decreased by 28.3%, further confirming PT's ability to inhibit heat release of PET fabrics. The breaking force test results showed that the warp and weft breaking force of PET-PT increased to 710 N and 948 N, respectively, suggesting 13.4% and 9.1% higher than that of the raw PET fabric. Antibacterial test indicated that PET-PT exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus, with antibacterial rates reaching 100% and 97.8%, respectively.

Conclusion The flame-retardant PT was synthesized from PA and TP by esterification, and was subsequently applied to the PET fabric using dipping-padding-curing process. When the weight gain reached 20.8%, the LOI value of PET-PT increased to 26.6%, accompanied by a significantly reduced damage length and the complete absence of melt-dripping during burning. PT was found to catalyze the early decomposition of PET, facilitating the formation of a stable char layer that suppressed heat release. Furthermore, the breaking strength of the treated PET fabrics was improved after the flame-retardant treatment, meeting the practical requirements for daily use. Meanwhile, the treated PET fabrics demonstrated markedly enhanced antibacterial properties compared with the raw PET fabric. However, due to the weak binding force between PT and PET fabrics, the flame-retardant PET fabrics exhibited poor wash durability, and further research is still required to improve the PET-PT interface durability.

Key words: polyester fabric, phytic acid, tea polyphenol, flame retardancy, antibacterial property, flame retardant finishing, functional textiles

中图分类号: 

  • TS195.2

图1

PA与TP的反应机制示意图"

图2

PA、TP以及PT的红外光谱图"

图3

样品的SEM照片"

图4

样品在氮气氛围下的TG与DTG曲线"

表1

样品在氮气氛围下的TG及DTG数据"

样品名称 T5%/
℃		 Tmax/
℃		 Rmax/
(%·℃-1)		 700 ℃时的
残炭量/%
PET 403 433 1.2 14.33
PET-PA 334 376 0.9 19.36
PET-PT 341 391 0.7 15.77

图5

样品在空气氛围下的TG曲线与DTG曲线"

表2

样品在空气氛围下的TG及DTG数据"

样品名称 T5%/
℃		 Tmax/
℃		 Rmax/
(%·℃-1)		 700 ℃时的
残炭量/%
PET 406 432 1.2 1.03
PET-PA 338 381 0.8 5.14
PET-PT 334 401 0.8 2.02

图6

PET、PET-PA、PET-PT及PET-PT-5Ls的垂直燃烧数码照片"

表3

PET、PET-PA、PET-PT和PET-PT-5Ls的垂直燃烧及极限氧指数测试结果"

样品名称 增重率/
%		 续燃
时间/
s		 阴燃
时间/
s		 损毁
长度/
mm		 LOI值/
%		 熔滴
现象
PET — 8.0 0 135 20.3 有
PET-PA 21.3 0 0 39 27.8 有
PET-PT 20.8 0 0 76 26.6 无
PET-PT-5Ls 5.0 4.0 0 105 20.3 有

图7

PET、PET-PA及PET-PT的HRR曲线"

表4

PET、PET-PA及PET-PT的微型量热测试结果"

样品名称 TPHRR/
℃		 PHRR/
(W·
g-1)		 THR/
(kJ·
g-1)		 HRC/
(J·g-1·
K-1)		 残炭量/
%
PET 453 407 24.0 370 8.9
PET-PA 396 215 17.3 208 22.7
PET-PT 403 288 17.2 277 16.3

图8

PET、PET-PA及PET-PT的断裂强力"

图9

PET、PET-PA及PET-PT对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果"

[1] AGARWAL R, JASSAL M, AGRAWAL A K. Durable functionalization of polyethylene terephthalate fabrics using metal oxides nanoparticles[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2021, 615: 126223.
doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126223
[2] WANG H X, SUN L, WANG S H, et al. A novel flame-retardant system toward polyester fabrics: flame retardant, anti-dripping and smoke suppression[J]. Journal of Polymer Research, 2022, 29(5): 180.
doi: 10.1007/s10965-022-02961-3
[3] LIU L, GU L, ZHANG X, et al. Construction of thermally resistant and flame-retardant multifunctional polyester composite fabrics[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2024, 225: 110769.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110769
[4] ZHANG L Y, SONG W M, LI P, et al. Green flame-retardant coatings based on iron alginate for polyester fabrics: thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2022, 206: 110207.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110207
[5] LIU Y W, HU B Q, GUAN J P, et al. Biomass phytate salt-based flame-retardant polyurethane coating for outdoor polyester fabric: a long-lasting solution[J]. Polymer Testing, 2024, 135: 108467.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108467
[6] PETKOVSKA J, MLADENOVIC N, MARKOVIĆ D, et al. Environmentally benign few-bilayer intumescent nanocoating for flame retardant enzyme/plasma modified polyester fabric[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2023, 214: 110406.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110406
[7] SUN L, YANG C H, WANG H X, et al. Bio-based alginate and Si-, P- and N-containing compounds cooperate toward flame-retardant modification of polyester fabrics[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 259: 129121.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129121
[8] JAKŠIĆ K, MATEK SARIĆ M, ČULIN J. Knowledge and attitudes regarding exposure to brominated flame retardants: a survey of Croatian health care providers[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27(7): 7683-7692.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07496-7
[9] SONG W M, ZHANG L Y, LI P, et al. The fabrication of flame-retardant viscose fabrics with phytic acid-based flame retardants: balancing efficient flame retardancy and tensile strength[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 260: 129596.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129596
[10] LIU Y, ZHANG A S, CHENG Y M, et al. Recent advances in biomass phytic acid flame retardants[J]. Polymer Testing, 2023, 124: 108100.
doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108100
[11] CHENG X W, LIU Y W, JIN J H, et al. Metallic phytates modified polyurethane coating for constructing long-lasting flame-retardant outdoor polyester fabric[J]. Progress in Organic Coatings, 2024, 188: 108205.
doi: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.108205
[12] ZHAO W J, LIU Y S, TAN W, et al. Research progress of biomass flame retardant coatings on polyester textiles[J] Fine Chemicals, 2022 39(1): 65-73.
[13] FANG J, ZHAO C M, MENG C, et al. Preparation and properties of PA@PANI conductive and flame retardant functional polyester fabric without droplet[J]. Materials Today Communications, 2022, 30: 103031.
doi: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.103031
[14] LI H S, ZHENG Z R, LIU Y Y, et al. Construction of fully bio-based flame retardant and antibacterial coating on polyester fabric with chitosan and ammonium phytate[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2024, 141(37): e55940.
doi: 10.1002/app.v141.37
[15] FANG Y C, WU J G, CHANG S, et al. Flame retardant and anti-dripping polyethylene terephthalate fabric based on bio-based phytic acid/gelatine coating[J]. Surface Engineering, 2023, 39(1): 49-55.
doi: 10.1080/02670844.2023.2193004
[16] SONG W M, ZHANG L Y, FAN R Y, et al. Multi-functional finishing of viscose fabrics based on tea polyphenols: integrated flame retardant, antibacterial, hydrophobic, and UV-resistant functionalities[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2024, 287: 111848.
doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111848
[17] SONG W M, FAN R Y, ZHANG L Y, et al. Improvement of fire safety for viscose fabrics based on phytic acid modified tea polyphenols complexed iron ions[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024, 280: 135981.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135981
[18] ZHU B, LI J C, HE Y, et al. Effect of steric hindrance on hydrogen-bonding interaction between polyesters and natural polyphenol catechin[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004, 91(6): 3565-3573.
doi: 10.1002/app.v91:6
[19] WANG Z K, HAN Z S, ZHANG L. Advances and outlook of tea polyphenol chemistry: a review[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2025, 73(37): 22994-23002.
doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c04943 pmid: 40910807
[20] CHEN C, XU Y M, LIN B B, et al. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of green tea polyphenols from Qinling mountains[J], Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019, 37(6): 821-827.
[21] YANG H L, LIU X X, ZHU J L, et al. Research progress in antibacterial properties of tea polyphenols[J]. Science & Technology of Food Industry, 2015, 36(21): 385-389.
[22] SUN Y, YANG J X, ZHANG X, et al. Anti-ultraviolet and semi-durable flame-retardant viscose fabrics fabricated by modified tea polyphenols[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, 286: 138572.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138572
[23] JIANG Q, LI P, LIU Y, et al. Flame retardant cotton fabrics with anti-UV properties based on tea polyphenol-melamine-phenylphosphonic acid[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2023, 629: 392-403.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.084
[24] XIA G M, JI X Q, XU Z, et al. Transparent cellulose-based bio-hybrid films with enhanced anti-ultraviolet, antioxidant and antibacterial performance[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2022, 298: 120118.
doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120118
[25] 费燕娜, 高卫东, 王鸿博, 等. 聚乳酸/茶多酚复合纳米纤维膜的抗菌机制及性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2013, 34(8): 6-11.
FEI Yanna, GAO Weidong, WANG Hongbo, et al. Antibacterial mechanism and performance of PLA/TP composed nanofiber membrane[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2013, 34(8): 6-11.
[26] JIANG Z L, WANG C S, FANG S Y, et al. Durable flame-retardant and antidroplet finishing of polyester fabrics with flexible polysiloxane and phytic acid through layer-by-layer assembly and sol-gel process[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2018, 135(27): 46414.
doi: 10.1002/app.v135.27
[1] 邱虹, 陈黎, 王丽芳, 易珊, 唐一卡, 王玉平, 高洪国, 张雯欣, 王克毅, 刘丽芳. 纳米纤维素基温度响应型水凝胶的制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(05): 1-8.
[2] 郑晶晶, 曹源, 陈佳桦, 吕健元. 聚多巴胺/十八胺/氧化锌协同改性香云纱的超疏水与防紫外线性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(05): 172-181.
[3] 刘家杰, 孙启龙, 曹丽霞, 叶伟, 张杏, 谭伟. 基于废旧芳纶阻燃服回收纤维的纱线制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(05): 99-106.
[4] 杨鸿杰, 徐丽亚, 汪蔚. 含一氧化氮供体的生物基聚酰胺56纳米纤维膜制备及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(04): 43-51.
[5] 刘雁雁, 王小艳, 杜金梅, 郑振荣, 韩振邦, 许长海. 基于超临界CO2的涤纶织物无水阻燃整理[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(04): 171-179.
[6] 吴雷蕾, 王强, 王平. 纤维表面无机纳米粒子负载及其抗菌机制研究进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(04): 255-264.
[7] 邵英海, 朴洪伟, 曹继鹏, 张月, 许兰杰, 于学智, 张明光. 天然彩棉/柞蚕短纤维混纺纱的制备及其抗菌性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(03): 240-246.
[8] 刘鹏碧, 任经岗, 张宽祥, 曹东阳, 刘熙, 郭昌盛. 植酸/苯扎氯铵一步共沉积涂层聚丙烯补片的制备及其抗菌性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(03): 77-86.
[9] 黄雍宝, 王一洲, 李梦琪, 万贝贝, 宋悦, 杨帆. 光致变色纺织品的制备及其防伪应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(02): 214-221.
[10] 王世杰, 孙辉, 于斌. 聚乙烯醇/牡丹皮提取物复合纳米静电纺丝膜的制备及其抗菌性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(02): 56-64.
[11] 任萧, 潘林洁, 姜海霞, 葛凤燕, 高洪国. 生物质多酚-亚铁离子多色系染料制备及其在棉织物上的应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(01): 132-141.
[12] 顾家玉, 张炜栋, 董永春, 孙璇, 徐良军. 银杏叶黄酮对羊毛和蚕丝织物的抗菌整理[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(01): 142-150.
[13] 董振峰, 张安莹, 魏建斐, 朱志国, 王锐. 阻燃左旋聚乳酸/季戊四醇磷酸酯纤维及织物的制备与性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2026, 47(01): 63-71.
[14] 宋佳怡, 王政驿, 程献伟, 关晋平, 朱亚伟. 液态靛蓝染料的制备及其对棉织物的染色性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(12): 133-141.
[15] 候志文, 任泽苹, 王晓宁, 张天骄. 棉织物的壳聚糖/海藻酸盐抗菌阻燃整理及其性能[J]. 纺织学报, 2025, 46(12): 171-180.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备14006648号　 京公网安备11010502044800号
版权所有 © 2021 《纺织学报》编辑部
地址： 北京市朝阳区延静里中街3号主楼6层《纺织学报》杂志社　邮政编码：100025　
电话：010-65017711,65917740　传真：010-65016539　Email:fangzhixuebao@vip.126.com
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发